virarajendra
12th January 2013, 02:21 PM
Author: Virarajendra
Under Construction
A brief study on the Ancient & Medieval "Tamil Nihandu Nookal" of Tamil Nadu
(1) An Introduction to Tamil Nihandu Noolkal
(2) A study of the contents of the Tamil Nihandu Noolkal
(a) Chudaamani Nihandu
Composed by:
Kunapaththiran
Period of Composition:
In the "Chudaamani Nihandu" the Ealisai (Saptha Suvaragal) of the Tamil Music prevailing in Tamil Nadu at the time it was composed, have been referred to as Kural, Thuththam, Kaikkilai, Ulai, Ili, Vilari, Thaaram in Tamil, while the Tamil Alphabetical Notations attached to them as Aa, Ii, Uu, Ea, Ayi, Oo, and Auv.
During the "mid period of Third Thamil Sangam" (B.C.325 - A.D.350) these Alphabetical Notations have been changed into new Tamil Alphabetical Notations namely as Sa, Ri, Ga, Ma, Pa, Tha, Ni, by the great Musicians of the Third Thamil Sangam. This is positively confirmed by the fact the earliest references to Tamil Alphabetical Notations - Sa, Ri, Ga, Ma, Pa, Tha Ni, are found in the Third Thamil Sangam period Music & Dance treatises namely the "Kooththa Nool" and subsequent the "Pancha Marabu".
Hence the period of composition of "Chudaamani Nihandu" could be tentatively placed around B.C.150 being the "early period of Third Thamil Sangam" in the second century B.C.
Some modern Scholars have dated the period of "Chudaamani Nihandu" as in the 9th century A.D. which is not correct in the light of the above reference in same.
Further Notes on this Nihandu Nool:
(b) Thiivaakara Nihandu
Composed by:
"Sendan" a Tamil Chieftain of the region named Amber adjacent to Kaveri river in Tamil Nadu.
Period of Composition:
From the Thivaakara Nihandu we note in addition to the references to the Tamil Royal Dynasties namely the Cheras, Cholas & Paandiyas, there is a reference to the Chalukya dynasty but and not to the Pallava dynasty.
The first Chalukya king and the founder of this dynasty was Pulukesi - 1 (A.D.535-566) who ruled from Vatapi in the Karnataka state. The first king of Pallava dynasty who ruled from Kanchipuram was Mahendravarman - 1 (A.D.570-630). It was during the period of Mahendravarman - 1 the Tamil Ealisai namely the Kural, Thuththam, Kaikkilai, Ulai, Ili, Vilari, Thaaram were Sanskritised as "Sa"djam, "Ri"sabham, "Ga"ndaram, "Ma"dhyamam, "Pa"nchamam, "Dha"ivatam, and "Ni"sadam based on the earlier Tamil Alphabetical Notations Sa, Ri, Ga, Ma, Pa, Tha, Ni.
But we also note only the Tamil names of the Elalisai as Kural, Thuththam, Kaikkilai, Ulai, Ili, Vilari, Thaaram are classified in this Nihandu Nool. Hence we can safely conclude the "Thivaakara Nihandu" belongs to a period from the dawn of the Chalukiya rule in Karnataka under king Pulakesi - 1 and before the Pallave rule under king Mahendravarman - 1 at Kanchipuram in north Tamil Nadu, being within the years A.D.535 and A.D.570 in the 6th century.
Some modern Scholars have dated the period of Thivaakara Nihandu as in the 9th century A.D. which is not correct in the light of the above references in the Thivaakara Nihandu.
Further Notes on this Nihandu Nool:
We further note the details of the "Iym Perum Kulu" (members of the five big offices) and "Enperaayam" (members of the eight executing offices) normally accompanying the Tamil kings (Chera, Chola and Paandiya) at all functions and occasions during the Sangam & Post-Sangam Periods of Tamil Nadu referred in the Tamil epic poem Silappathikarem of second century A.D., are given clearly in the Thivaakara Nihandu Nool as follows:
(3) Pingala Nihandu -
(4) Asiriya Nihandu -
(5) Urichol Nihandu -
(6) Kayathara Nihandu -
(7) Aharaathi Nihandu -
(8) Kailasa Nihandu -
(9) Barathitheepa Nihandu -
(10) Vadamalai Nihandu -
(11) Pothikai Nihandu -
(12) Arum Porul Vilakkam -
(13) Naama Theepam -
(14) Porut Thohai -
(15) Naanaarththa Theepikai -
(16) Abhithaana Mani Maalai -
(17) Vethagiriyaar Chudaamani -
Under Construction
A brief study on the Ancient & Medieval "Tamil Nihandu Nookal" of Tamil Nadu
(1) An Introduction to Tamil Nihandu Noolkal
(2) A study of the contents of the Tamil Nihandu Noolkal
(a) Chudaamani Nihandu
Composed by:
Kunapaththiran
Period of Composition:
In the "Chudaamani Nihandu" the Ealisai (Saptha Suvaragal) of the Tamil Music prevailing in Tamil Nadu at the time it was composed, have been referred to as Kural, Thuththam, Kaikkilai, Ulai, Ili, Vilari, Thaaram in Tamil, while the Tamil Alphabetical Notations attached to them as Aa, Ii, Uu, Ea, Ayi, Oo, and Auv.
During the "mid period of Third Thamil Sangam" (B.C.325 - A.D.350) these Alphabetical Notations have been changed into new Tamil Alphabetical Notations namely as Sa, Ri, Ga, Ma, Pa, Tha, Ni, by the great Musicians of the Third Thamil Sangam. This is positively confirmed by the fact the earliest references to Tamil Alphabetical Notations - Sa, Ri, Ga, Ma, Pa, Tha Ni, are found in the Third Thamil Sangam period Music & Dance treatises namely the "Kooththa Nool" and subsequent the "Pancha Marabu".
Hence the period of composition of "Chudaamani Nihandu" could be tentatively placed around B.C.150 being the "early period of Third Thamil Sangam" in the second century B.C.
Some modern Scholars have dated the period of "Chudaamani Nihandu" as in the 9th century A.D. which is not correct in the light of the above reference in same.
Further Notes on this Nihandu Nool:
(b) Thiivaakara Nihandu
Composed by:
"Sendan" a Tamil Chieftain of the region named Amber adjacent to Kaveri river in Tamil Nadu.
Period of Composition:
From the Thivaakara Nihandu we note in addition to the references to the Tamil Royal Dynasties namely the Cheras, Cholas & Paandiyas, there is a reference to the Chalukya dynasty but and not to the Pallava dynasty.
The first Chalukya king and the founder of this dynasty was Pulukesi - 1 (A.D.535-566) who ruled from Vatapi in the Karnataka state. The first king of Pallava dynasty who ruled from Kanchipuram was Mahendravarman - 1 (A.D.570-630). It was during the period of Mahendravarman - 1 the Tamil Ealisai namely the Kural, Thuththam, Kaikkilai, Ulai, Ili, Vilari, Thaaram were Sanskritised as "Sa"djam, "Ri"sabham, "Ga"ndaram, "Ma"dhyamam, "Pa"nchamam, "Dha"ivatam, and "Ni"sadam based on the earlier Tamil Alphabetical Notations Sa, Ri, Ga, Ma, Pa, Tha, Ni.
But we also note only the Tamil names of the Elalisai as Kural, Thuththam, Kaikkilai, Ulai, Ili, Vilari, Thaaram are classified in this Nihandu Nool. Hence we can safely conclude the "Thivaakara Nihandu" belongs to a period from the dawn of the Chalukiya rule in Karnataka under king Pulakesi - 1 and before the Pallave rule under king Mahendravarman - 1 at Kanchipuram in north Tamil Nadu, being within the years A.D.535 and A.D.570 in the 6th century.
Some modern Scholars have dated the period of Thivaakara Nihandu as in the 9th century A.D. which is not correct in the light of the above references in the Thivaakara Nihandu.
Further Notes on this Nihandu Nool:
We further note the details of the "Iym Perum Kulu" (members of the five big offices) and "Enperaayam" (members of the eight executing offices) normally accompanying the Tamil kings (Chera, Chola and Paandiya) at all functions and occasions during the Sangam & Post-Sangam Periods of Tamil Nadu referred in the Tamil epic poem Silappathikarem of second century A.D., are given clearly in the Thivaakara Nihandu Nool as follows:
(3) Pingala Nihandu -
(4) Asiriya Nihandu -
(5) Urichol Nihandu -
(6) Kayathara Nihandu -
(7) Aharaathi Nihandu -
(8) Kailasa Nihandu -
(9) Barathitheepa Nihandu -
(10) Vadamalai Nihandu -
(11) Pothikai Nihandu -
(12) Arum Porul Vilakkam -
(13) Naama Theepam -
(14) Porut Thohai -
(15) Naanaarththa Theepikai -
(16) Abhithaana Mani Maalai -
(17) Vethagiriyaar Chudaamani -